Joel addresses Judah and Jerusalem, using a devastating locust plague as an allegory for coming divine judgment. He calls for national repentance and foretells a future outpouring of God’s spirit on all people (cited in Acts 2).

Author: Traditionally Joel the prophet.

Date Written: Uncertain (some traditions suggest post-exilic). Many scholars date it after 586 BCE (approx. 5th century BCE).

Context: While the specific historical setting is debated, Joel’s themes (the Day of the Lord, repentance, hope) connect Joel’s imminent judgment with future eschatological promises.